TITLE

Challenges Faced by Teachers in Higher Education in Online Teaching during COVID 19 Pandemic

AUTHOR

G.Sudarsana Reddy¹

ABSTRACT

Education system plays a key role in the development of any country. In the era of knowledge economy which is widely being talked about and education is a nation’s strength. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a crucial role in economic development of a country by improving efficiency in delivering business of any sector. The impact of ICT can also be seen in the field of education and have effected major changes in how education is being imparted and learned. Indian education was traditional classroom based learning till last decade. But, education system was not able to take the benefit of ICT due to various reasons. COVID-19 pandemic is affected the health of the citizens but also hindering various industries and shaking them to their roots. The national lockdown affected the education sector and forced them shut. But, reinventing the fundamental process and making a conscious choice to grow even in the time of crisis, educational institutions decided to teach online. However, teachers, students and educational institutions are facing challenges in teaching online, learning and providing infrastructure for online teaching respectively. The present study aims to know the various challenges faced by the teachers teaching online classes during COVID-19. The study is purely based on survey and primary data have been collected from teachers teaching in higher educational institutions through use of questionnaire. Population of the study comprises of all those teachers who has taught online classes during lockdown of COVID-19. The questionnaire has been sent to the 500 teachers using Google docs, but researcher received 204 responses with complete responses. Therefore, 204 is the sample size of the study. Findings from the study reveal that most of teachers who taught online classes are in the age group of 21-40 years; Assistant Professors and Associate Professors; and they lack experience in online teaching. Three fourth of the teachers are technical savvy and possess ICT skills. Higher educational institutions (HEIs) located in urban areas have adopted online teaching method for teaching classes both UG as well as PG. Initially, all the teachers used Zoom meeting platform which is free for teaching online classes. More than 3/4th of HEIs did not provide the infrastructure required for online teaching, but asked the teachers to take classes using platforms available at cost free. With the use of Laptop and Smart phone online classes were taught for 40 minutes duration. Theory papers are the most favourite papers. The targeted class strength for online class is 50 students and 61-80 per cent students attended online classes and remaining students are not able to attend online classes due to lack of lack of smart phone, no or week internet connection. Poor internet signal is the primary issue in online teaching and learning and lack of paid platform. Non-technical issues are difficulty in teaching papers with practical and numerical content; lack of online teaching experience; difficult to use group learning methods; and the time required for preparation of online class is too much when compared to traditional class.

Keywords: Challenges, COVID-19, Higher education, Teachers, Online Teaching

¹Professor of Commerce, Department of Studies & Research in Commerce, Tumkur University, B.H.Road, Tumakuru – 572103. Karnataka, Email ID: [email protected]

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TITLE

Study of Expectation and Perception Level of Customers towards Organized Retail Stores of Punjab

AUTHORS

Sarbjeet Kaur¹

Munish Goyal²

ABSTRACT

In the world of retailing, whether they are organized or unorganized retail marketers, they are competing for the customer’s attention. The success of any business depends on their ability to provide right goods at the right place, time and at the right price to the customers. In today’s context, service quality becomes an extremely important criterion for measuring the customer satisfaction. The present research has looked into the customer satisfaction performance of organized retail industry. An effort has been made to assess the expectation and perception level of customers with regard to the service quality of organized retail sector. The objective brought thorough understanding of the customer satisfaction towards the retail service quality with help of questionnaire. There has been a sufficient evidence from the study that it is difficult to win customers’ trust who buying their products along with the quality of services. Various factors influence the expectations and perceptionslevel of customers are Physical Aspects, Reliability, Personal Interaction, Problem Solving and Policy.

Keywords: Organized retailing, retail industry, service quality, Customer satisfaction, service quality dimensions.

¹Research Scholar, Punjabi University, Patiala. Email ID:[email protected]

²Assistant Professor, Sri Guru Harkrishan College of Mgt. and Tech. Raipur Bahadurgarh,Patiala, Email ID:[email protected]

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TITLE

Transport Development in Colonial Orissa (1803-1936)-Perspective on Trade and Commerce

AUTHOR

Ganeswar Nayak¹

ABSTRACT

In 1866, Odisha was rocked by a famine which was most severe and desolating in character. In this famine one third of her population were killed. A Famine Commission was constituted which recommended for development of roads,ports and making canals navigable for communication purposes. The result was that roads ports and canals were developed which directly impacted trade and commerceinOdisha. So the period witnessed dramatic growth of trade and commerce which also impacted the colonial economy in Orissa.

Keywords: Bengal Orissa Famine Commission Report,BalasorePort, False Point Port, Maritime Trade, Development of Ports, Development of Railway, Development of inland navigation.

¹Asst Professor of History, F.M Autonomous College, Balasore, Odisha

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TITLE

Impact of Inflation and Exchange Rate on Foreign Direct Investment in China: An Empirical Analysis

AUTHOR

TOM JACOB¹

ABSTRACT

China has become more significant in international commerce as the global economy and globalization have advanced. China’s economy has risen to become the world’s second biggest since the “reform and openness” and “five-year plan” were implemented. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) became a key element of developing market socialism in China throughout the era of economic growth.The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts inflation and exchange rate on the performance of foreign direct investment in China. For the selection of the model’s lag duration, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is employed.Utilizing the ARDL and non-linear ARDL frameworks, the research discusses the impact of inflation and the exchange rate on FDI inflows in China between 1990 and 2021. The findings of the study reveal that inflation has no significant effect on FDI inflows whereas the exchange rate has a statistically significant negative influence on foreign direct investment. In other words exchange rate volatility has an unfavourable effect on foreign direct investment.

Keywords: FDI, IFE, Exchange Rate, ARDL

¹ Assistant Professor, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, E-mail : [email protected]

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TITLE

Attitude of Young Women Employees towards Public and Private Sector for Work Life Balanc

AUTHOR

Sushree Sangita Sahoo¹

ABSTRACT

The term Work-life-balance (WLB) is used to elaborate practices in achieving a balanced work between the stress of employees ‘ family and work life.In today’s scenario many women employees entering the workplace and competing equally to their opposite gender in every aspect of work.Work-life-balance (WLB) is a major concern for women employees, as the organization extended work hours to pulls women employees’ productivity and time, in which they actually meant to spend more on their family sphere.This progress and change in roles played by the women have not freed them from the personal life roles that they have. However, the most imperative factors in life are career and goals for everyone. Today’s trends show that women are coming forward to work in every field in order to support financially to their family and to make their children well educated as well. A woman has equal responsibility at home also. It is obvious that the question of balancing between work and family will definitely come into the picture. This is supposed to be the greatest challenge for women. The study has analyzed the present practices of WLB followed by the attitude of young women employees towards the public and private sector The study underwent an extensive literature review and found out the four major factors that are a burden of extreme work, hindrance of work with family life, fulfill other’s expectation and extensive work hour are unbalancing the women work- life in the public and private sectors.

Keywords: Work-life, Workload, the stress in work, Equal responsibility, Eigen Value

¹ United School of Business Management, Bhubaneswar, E mail: [email protected]

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TITLE

Impact of Employability Skills on Occupational Growth and Sustainable Development-An Analytical Review

AUTHOR

Subramanya Manjunath¹

ABSTRACT

The last decade of the twenty-first century witnessed rapid technological advancements, dramatic changes in the working environment and changing demography are some of the trends necessitated organizations to cope with the global business environment. Invariably, organizations need to excel consistently by improving productivity which in turn proportional to the efficiency in terms of skills and employment of its people. It is perceived that employability of the people engaged is one of the main concerns for improving productivity besides coping with the changing work environment at the micro and macro level. This research has made an attempt to identify the skill gap perceived by the industries and analyzed the skills relating to employability that enables productivity improvement and fosters employment growth. The study highlights the determinants such as communicating effectively, ability to interact with others and build relations, working together as a team, maintaining emotional stability, ability to plan and organize systematically, and developing problem-solving skills are some of the important attributes besides functional skills which enhances employability. The study concludes by emphasizing that organizations should empowerand encourage the employees to continuously hone their skills and stay competitive, develop a collaborative approach with academia to enable and update the syllabus periodically to meet the needs and requirements of the industries and facilitates the students in finding ample opportunities for internship and in-plant training. Further, NGO’s and community development centres should come forward to offer skill development programs at affordable cost for individual growth and sustainable development.

Keywords: Employability, Communication, Interpersonal Skills, Teamwork, Emotional Stability, Planning and Organizing, Problem-Solving.

¹ Former Principal and Dean, SSIMS, Tumkur, Karnataka;Visiting Faculty: Christ University and Jain University, Bangalore. Email: [email protected]

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